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In *Blood In the Machine,* @bcmerchant delivers the definitive history of the #Luddites, and the clearest analysis of the automator's playbook, where "entrepreneurs'" lawless extraction from workers is called "innovation" and "inevitable":
https://www.littlebrown.com/titles/brian-merchant/blood-in-the-machine/9780316487740/
--
If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this thread to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:
https://pluralistic.net/2023/09/26/enochs-hammer/#thats-fronkonsteen
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Blood in the Machine
LonglistedΒ for the Financial Times Business Book of the YearThe "rich and gripping" true story of the first time machines came for human jobs&...Hachette Book Group
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Content warning: Long thread/2
History is written by the winners, and so you probably think of the Luddites as brainless, terrified, thick-fingered vandals who smashed machines and burned factories because they didn't understand them. Today, "Luddite" is a slur that means "technophobe" - but that's neither fair, nor accurate.
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Luddism has been steadily creeping into pro-labor technological criticism, as workers and technology critics reclaim the term and its history, which is a rich and powerful tale of greed versus solidarity, slavery versus freedom.
The true tale of the Luddites starts with workers demanding that the laws be *upheld*.
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When factory owners began to buy automation systems for textile production, they did so in violation of laws that required collaboration with existing craft guilds - laws designed to ensure that automation was phased in gradually, with accommodations for displaced workers. These laws also protected the public, with the guilds evaluating the quality of cloth produced on the machine, acting as a proxy for buyers who might otherwise be tricked into buying inferior goods.
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Factory owners flouted these laws. Though the machines made cloth that was less durable and of inferior weave, they sold it to consumers as though it were as good as the guild-made textiles. Factory owners made quiet deals with orphanages to send them very young children who were enslaved to work in their factories, where they were routinely maimed and killed by the new machines.
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Children who balked at the long hours or attempted escape were viciously beaten (the memoir of one former child slave became a bestseller and inspired *Oliver Twist*).
The craft guilds begged Parliament to act. They sent delegations, wrote petitions, even got Members of Parliament to draft legislation ordering enforcement of existing laws. Instead, Parliament passed laws criminalizing labor organizing.
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The stakes were high. Economic malaise and war had driven up the price of life's essentials. Workers displaced by illegal machines faced starvation - as did their children. Communities were shattered. Workers who had apprenticed for years found themselves graduating into a market that had no jobs for them.
This is the context in which the Luddite uprisings began. Secret cells of workers, working with discipline and tight organization, warned factory owners to uphold the law.
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They sent letters and posted handbills in which they styled themselves as the army of "King Ludd" or "General Ludd" - Ned Ludd being a mythical figure who had fought back against an abusive boss.
When factory owners ignored these warnings, the Luddites smashed their machines, breaking into factories or intercepting machines en route from the blacksmith shops where they'd been created.
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They won key victories, with many factory owners backing off from automation plans, but the owners were deep-pocketed and determined.
The ruling Tories had no sympathy for the workers and no interest in upholding the law or punishing the factory owners for violating it. Instead, they dispatched troops to the factory towns, escalating the use of force until England's industrial centers were occupied by literal armies of soldiers.
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Soldiers who balked at turning their guns on Luddites were publicly flogged to death.
I got very interested in the Luddites in late 2021, when it became clear that everything I thought I knew about the Luddites was wrong. The Luddites weren't anti-technology - rather, they were doing the same thing a science fiction writer does: asking not just what a new technology *does*, but also who it does it *for* and who it does it *to*:
https://locusmag.com/2022/01/cory-doctorow-science-fiction-is-a-luddite-literature/
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Cory Doctorow: Science Fiction is a Luddite Literature
From 1811-1816, a secret society styling themselves βthe Ludditesβ smashed textile machinery in the mills of England. Today, we use βLudditeβ as a pejorative referring to backwards, anti-technologyβ¦Locus Online
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Unsurprisingly, ever since I started publishing on this subject, I've run into people who have no sympathy for the Luddite cause and who slide into my replies to replicate the 19th Century automation debate. One such person accused the Luddites of using "state violence" to suppress progress.
You couldn't ask for a more perfect example of how the history of the Luddites has been forgotten and replaced with a deliberately misleading account.
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The "state violence" of the Luddite uprising was entirely on one side. Parliament, under the lackadaisical leadership of "Mad King George," imposed the death penalty on the Luddites. It wasn't just machine-breaking that became a capital crime - "oath taking" (swearing loyalty to the Luddites) also carried the death penalties.
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As the Luddites fought on against increasingly well-armed factory owners (one owner bought a *cannon* to use on workers who threatened his machines), they were subjected to spectacular acts of true state violence. Occupying soldiers rounded up Luddites and suspected Luddites and staged public mass executions, hanging them by the dozen, creating scores widows and fatherless children.
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The sf writer #StevenBrust says that the test to tell whether someone is on the right or the left is simple: ask whether property rights are more important than human rights. If the person says "property rights *are* human rights," they are on the right.
The state response to the Luddites crisply illustrates this distinction. The Luddites wanted an orderly and lawful transition to automation, one that brought workers along and created shared prosperity and quality goods.
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The craft guilds took pride in their products, and saw themselves as guardians of their industry. They were accustomed to enjoying a high degree of bargaining power and autonomy, working from small craft workshops in their homes, which allowed them to set their own work pace, eat with their families, and enjoy modest amounts of leisure.
The factory owners' cause wasn't just increased production - it was increased *power*.
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They wanted a workforce that would dance to their tune, work longer hours for less pay. They wanted unilateral control over which products they made and what corners they cut in making those products. They wanted to enrich themselves, even if that meant that thousands starved and their factory floors ran red with the blood of dismembered children.
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The Luddites destroyed machines. The factory owners killed Luddites, shooting them at the factory gates, or rounding them up for mass executions. Parliament deputized owners to act as extensions of law enforcement, allowing them to drag suspected Luddites to their own private cells for questioning.
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The Luddites viewed property rights as one instrument for achieving human rights - freedom from hunger and cold . When property rights conflicted with human rights, they didn't hesitate to smash the machines. For them, human rights trumped property rights.
Their bosses - and their bosses' modern defenders - saw the demands to uphold the laws on automation as demands to bring "state violence" to bear on the wholly private matter of how a rich man should organize his business.
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On the other hand, literal killing - both on the factory floor and at the gallows - was not "state violence" but rather, a defense of the most important of all the human rights: the rights of property owners.
19th century textile factories were the original #BigTech, and the rhetoric of the factory owners echoes down the ages.
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When tech barons like #PeterThiel say that "freedom is incompatible with democracy," he means that letting people who work for a living vote will eventually lead to limitations on people who own things for a living, like him.
Then, as now, resistance to Big Tech enjoyed widespread support. The Luddites couldn't have organized in their thousands if their neigbors didn't have their backs.
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Shelley and Byron wrote widely reproduced paeans to worker uprisings (Byron also defended the Luddites in the House of Lords). The Brontes wrote Luddite novels. Mary Shelley's *Frankenstein* was a Luddite novel, in which the monster was a sensitive, intelligent creature who merely demanded a say in the technology that created him.
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The erasure of the true history of the Luddites was a deliberate act. Despite the popular and elite support the Luddites enjoyed, the owners and their allies in Parliament were able to crush the uprising, using mass murder and imprisonment to force workers to accept immiseration.
The entire supply chain of the textile revolution was soaked in blood.
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Merchant devotes multiple chapters to the lives of African slaves in America who produced the cotton that the machines in England wove into cloth. Then - as now - automation served to obscure the violence latent in production of finished goods.
But, as Merchant writes, the Luddites didn't lose outright.
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Historians who study the uprisings record that the places where the Luddites fought most fiercely were the places where automation came most slowly and workers enjoyed the longest shared prosperity.
The motto of #MagpieKilljoy's seminal #Steampunk Magazine was: "Love the machine, hate the factory." The workers of the Luddite uprising were skilled technologists themselves.
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They performed highly technical tasks to produce extremely high-quality goods. They served in craft workshops and controlled their own time.
The factory increased production, but at the cost of autonomy. Factories and their progeny, like assembly lines, made it possible to make more goods (even goods that eventually rose the quality of the craft goods they replaced), but at the cost of human autonomy.
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#Taylorism and other efficiency cults ended up scripting the motions of workers to the fingertips, and workers were and are subject to increasing surveillance and discipline from bosses if they deviate. Take too many pee breaks at the Amazon warehouse and you will be marked down for "time off-task."
Steampunk is a dream of craft production at factory scale: in steampunk, the worker is a solitary genius who can produce high-tech finished goods in their own laboratory.
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Steampunk has no "dark, satanic mills," no blood in the factory. It's no coincidence that steampunk gained popularity at the same time as the #maker movement, in which individual workers use form digital communities. Makers networked together to provide advice and support in craft projects that turn out the kind of technologically sophisticated goods that we associate with vast, heavily-capitalized assembly lines.
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But workers are *losing* autonomy, not gaining it. The steampunk dream is of a world where we get the benefits of factory production with the life of a craft producer. The #GigEconomy has delivered its opposite: craft workers - Uber drivers, casualized doctors and dog-walkers - who are as surveilled and controlled as factory workers.
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Gig workers are dispatched by apps, their faces closely studied by cameras for unauthorized eye-movements, their pay changed from moment to moment by an algorithm that docks them for any infraction. They are #ReverseCentaurs: workers fused to machines where the machine provides the intelligence and the human does its bidding:
https://pluralistic.net/2021/02/17/reverse-centaur/#reverse-centaur
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Craft workers in home workshops are told that they're their own bosses, but in reality they are constantly monitored by #bossware that watches out of their computers' cameras and listens through its mic. They have to pay for the privilege of working for their bosses, and pay to quit. If their children make so much as a peep, they can lose their jobs. They don't work from home - they live at work:
https://pluralistic.net/2021/01/22/paperback-writer/#toothless
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Merchant is a master storyteller and a dedicated researcher. The story he weaves in *Blood In the Machine* is as gripping as any @ProPublica deep-dive into the miserable working conditions of today's gig economy. Drawing on primary sources and scholarship, *Blood* is a kind of *Nomadland* for Luddites.
Today, Merchant is the technology critic for the *LA Times*.
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The final chapters of *Blood* brings the Luddites into the present day, finding parallels in the labor organizing of the Amazon warehouse workers led by Chris Smalls. The liberal reformers who offered patronizing support to the Luddites - but didn't imagine that they could be masters of their own destiny - are echoed in the rhetoric of #AndrewYang.
And of course, the factory owners' rhetoric is easily transposed to the modern tech baron.
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Then, as now, we're told that all automation is "progress," that regulatory evasion (Uber's unlicensed taxis, Airbnb's unlicensed hotel rooms, Ring's unregulated surveillance, Tesla's unregulated autopilot) is "innovation." Most of all, we're told that every one of these innovations *must* exist, that there is no way to stop it, because technology is an autonomous force that is independent of human agency.
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"There is no alternative" - the rallying cry of Margaret Thatcher - has become our inevitablist catechism.
Squeezing the workers' wages conditions and weakening workers' bargaining power isn't "innovation." It's an old, old story, as old as the factory owners who replaced skilled workers with terrified orphans, sending out for more when a child fell into a machine. Then, as now, this was called "job creation."
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Then, as now, there was no way to progress as a worker: no matter how skilled and diligent an Uber driver is, they can't buy their medallion and truly become their own boss, getting a say in their working conditions. They certainly can't hope to rise from a blue-collar job on the streets to a white-collar job in the Uber offices.
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Then, as now, a worker was hired by the day, not by the year, and might find themselves with no work the next day, depending on the whim of a factory owner or an algorithm.
As Merchant writes: robots aren't coming for your job; *bosses* are. The dream of a "dark factory," a "fully automated" Tesla production line, is the dream of a boss who doesn't have to answer to workers, who can press a button and manifest their will, without negotiating with mere workers.
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The point isn't just to reduce the wage-bill for a finished good - it's to reduce the "friction" of having to care about others and take their needs into account.
Luddites are not - and have never been - anti-technology. Rather, they are pro-human, and see production as a means to an end: broadly shared prosperity. The automation project says it's about replacing humans with machines, but over and over again - in machine learning,
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in "contactless" delivery, in on-demand workforces - the goal is to turn humans *into* machines.
There is blood in the machine, Merchant tells us, whether its humans being torn apart *by* a machine, or humans being transformed into machines.
Brian and I are having a joint book-launch tomorrow night (Sept 27) at #ChevaliersBooks in #LosAngeles for my new book *The Internet Con* and his new book, *Blood in the Machine*:
eof/
THE INTERNET CON by Cory Doctorow & BLOOD IN THE MACHINE by Brian Merchant
Join us as Cory Doctorow and Brian Merchant discuss their new books!Eventbrite
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As you know, of course, this was the case in a literal sense as well as analogical. I.e. the computer industry was born more or less directly out of the Jacquard loom. The mother of computing, the Countess of Lovelace, envisioned using AI to create artistic compositions, like music. Iβm sure her dad would have been horrified at the idea.
It is ironic that the daughter of Byron, who supported the Luddites, should have birthed Big Tech, & AI.
https://handwovenmagazine.com/jacquard-looms-origin-of-weaving-computing/
Jacquard Looms: The Origin of Weaving Computing
The textile industry was crucial to the development of computers and programming, particularly the origin of weaving computing machines like Jacquard looms.Madelyn van der Hoogt (Handwoven)
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Many people laugh at silly "luddites" because they didn't experience this firsthand. Now with AI, many of them are.
However, the introduction of new technology led to a phase transition where there was a lot of pain, but most in society wound up with a better quality of life (after generations of interim suffering). That's because that freed them up to handle more demanding labor that machines couldn't do.
This is the key difference from those machines and AI.
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@bcmerchant@bird.makeup
Great thread.
Perhaps of interest to you. There are at least 2 known incidences in history where society pushed back against technology (and sort of did it).
The difference though is that in both cases, it was led by society's elites, whereas with the cloth weaving, the political class were in bed with the wealthy elites.
1) After the death of the Ming Dynasty's Yongle emperor, the ruling class no longer knew what the benefits of their impressive navel fleet was. They did not see the benefits of maritime trade with the West and elites felt they would be better off without the technology. The fleet was systematically destroyed and the Ming Dynasty gave up its navel superiority.
2) When the West (I believe it was the specifically the Portuguese in this case) introduced firearms into Japan, it was threat to the shoguns. Prior to this, it was only the elite class who obviously had to have enough $$ and resources that their kids didn't need to tend fields and could train in martial arts had control of weapons and the skills to use them. With the introduction of the musket, any Tom, Dick, or Harry was able to just shoot. This represented a threat to the elite class. Under order of the Shoguns, firearms were confiscated and banned. To this day, Japan still have some of the strictest firearm laws in the world.
In both cases, technology was a threat, not a help to the elites. Sadly, I am not aware of people successfully pushing back on technology that enriches the elite class.
I had come across both these examples why studying for my comprehensive exams. I would have to do some digging for references if interested.
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Same as it ever was. Capital protects capital.
"In a statement, Glacier Northwest's lawyer, Noel Francisco, said the decision 'vindicates the longstanding principle that federal law does not shield labor unions ... when they intentionally destroy an employerβs property.'"
https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/supreme-court-rules-union-labor-dispute-involving-truck-99761361
Supreme Court rules against union in labor dispute involving truck drivers and wet concrete
The Supreme Court has ruled against unionized drivers who walked off the job with their trucks full of wet concreteJESSICA GRESKO Associated Press (ABC News)
I've discovered a downside to #Plan9. When my ISP is having issues and my connection gets sketchy, SSH still just kinda works, but with Plan9's drawterm being graphical, a bad connection makes it basically unusable.
Hopefully Rogers gets their shit together by tomorrow.
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Equal Rites - BookWyrm
The wizard Drum Billet knows that he will soon die and travels to a place where an eighth son of an eighth son is about to be born.bookwyrm.social
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The light fantastic - BookWyrm
The Light Fantastic is a comic fantasy novel by Terry Pratchett, the second of the Discworld series. It was published on 2 June 1986, the first printing being of 1,034 copies.bookwyrm.social
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If you are comfortable doing so, please consider reaching out to our Support Team via email to explain what issues you are facing.
support at mullvad dot net
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Can anyone recommend a #VNC server for #Windows? The one that keeps coming up is RealVNC, but it seems to force you to create an account and run everything through their servers. I don't want any of that garbage, especially since VNC is not an encrypted protocol, and could easily be eavesdropped upon and/or MitM'd.
This is to do remote tech support on my father's PC. I've already got him on my private VPN, so there's no need to worry about dynamic IP or NAT issues. I thought about Windows' native Remote Desktop software, but in Microsoft's infinite wisdom that's not available on his particular version of Windows.
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https://rustdesk.com/
I just use the rustdesk servers rather than setting up one of my own with my own usage needs.
RustDesk β The Open Source Remote Desktop Access Software
Open source remote desktop access solutions by RustDesk: connect to remote computers, provide remote support & collaborate online.rustdesk.com
I use TightVNC to manage my little fleet of kid's machines. Just a simple password to connect, and a separate password to administer the VNC server itself. My client is usually Remmina on Linux, but it's VNC so I'm sure you have lots of options there.
TightVNC: VNC-Compatible Free Remote Desktop Software
TightVNC - VNC-Compatible Remote Desktop Softwarewww.tightvnc.com
Jonathan Lamothe likes this.
we use Tightvnc which is completely standalone.
You absolutely need to put a VPN in front of it though; don't just open it to the interwebs.
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I'm not sure about windows. I use Spice to access the VM's on my servers.
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Content warning: URGENT! Homeless, emergency mutual aid
Please donate to Francys's emergency fund if you can. She is homeless now and needs money for food and shelter.
I recently received this message from her: "I'm very scared. I can't take it anymore. I've had to flee from several places because they've tried to abuse me. I don't want to go back to sleeping on the street. I'm very scared."
Please help if you can.
Goal: $85/$700
https://gofund.me/96770d66
C: $BlackTransss
https://paypal.me/FrancysMatheus
https://nitter.net/Francystrans
#BLM #trans #MutualAidRequest #MutualAid #CrowdFund #RequestForAid #EmergencyCrowdFund
Maksa vastaanottajalle Francys Matheus kΓ€yttΓ€mΓ€llΓ€ PayPal.Me-palvelua
Siirry osoitteeseen paypal.me/FrancysMatheus ja nÀppÀile summa. Maksaminen tapahtuu PayPalissa, joten se on helppoa ja turvallista. Eikâ sinulla ole PayPal-tiliÀ? Ei hÀtÀÀ.PayPal.Me
(Nitter addon enabled: Twitter links via https://nitter.net)
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Content warning: AI use in hospitals
How Ont. hospitals are using AI to advance healthcare
Hospitals across the province are exploring how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to advance healthcare.Sijia Liu (CTV News)
Content warning: AI use in hospitals
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RFM Reports on Ongoing Tim Ballard Fiasco
For those who haven't been following the ongoing Tim Ballard fiasco, it's pretty wild. RFM has been busy doing a detailed analysis as the news breaks in the form of short podcast episodes.Part 1:
https://radiofreemormon.org/2023/09/operation-underground-railroad-update-rfm-294/Part 4:
https://radiofreemormon.org/2023/09/rfm-298-tim-ballard-strikes-back/Part 6:
https://radiofreemormon.org/2023/09/rfm-300-tim-ballard-and-the-psychic-connection/
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LordOfTheChia and lars like this.
Content warning: mormonism, child sexual abuse/trafficking, etc.
For those who haven't been following the ongoing Tim Ballard fiasco, it's pretty wild. RFM has been busy doing a detailed analysis as the news breaks in the form of short podcast episodes.
Part 1:
https://radiofreemormon.org/2023/09/operation-underground-railroad-update-rfm-294/
Part 4:
https://radiofreemormon.org/2023/09/rfm-298-tim-ballard-strikes-back/
Part 6:
https://radiofreemormon.org/2023/09/rfm-300-tim-ballard-and-the-psychic-connection/
Content warning: mormonism, child sexual abuse/trafficking, etc.
Jonathan Lamothe reshared this.
There was a counter-protest at Kitchener City Hall this morning (as there was in many cities) against hate groups and in support of trans and LGBTQ+ people. Naturally I biked there π
It looked like βour sideβ far outnumbered the hateful side. Iβll be curious to see reports on numbers.
Organizers had asked that people not take photos, for safety reasons. I asked a small number of peope if I could take photos pf their signs, though, as I wanted to share something here.
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Iβll share four photos of signs in this thread. I like that this one uses an Oxford comma π
#WaterlooRegion #NoSpaceForHate
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CBC article said about 1000 total in Kitchener and 500 in Guelph, with counter protestors the majority, but didn't break down more specific than that.
It generally sounds like we're mostly talking scales of "hundreds" of counter protestors vs "dozens" of hateful protestors at most of the locations.
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I was the official videographer for the counter-protest, so if you saw a tall shapeless lump in a brown hoodie with an SLR on a little tripod, you saw me. Used for videoing the other side, not ours.
It was a good protest. We quickly got between them and the street, so all the passing cars were honking for our people, not theirs (whom they couldn't see). I think we had numbers on them, but I can't be certain.
Saw a certain board trustee known for his...hmm...traditional beliefs, sitting looking disgusted at how many of us there were. Man really dislikes queer folk, you can see it in his face.
No minds were changed, I suspect. But they know they're opposed, strongly, so our purpose was achieved.
Oh, nice! Yeah, what I liked is that they positioned themselves right in front of city hall, cluelessly ceding the higher visibility space closer to King Street to we counter-protesters. I agree that we seemed to out-number them. That and we seemed to have more fun. π
For me going was not about changing any of their minds. It was about supporting trans and LGBTQ+ people in a visible way, and letting passers-by see plenty of good people.
My sincere thanks to everyone who favourited/starred the toots in this thread. Though only you and I can see them, they mean a lot. And my sincere thanks as well to the folks who boosted the toots in this thread. Iβm grateful that the photos I shared will reach more people.
We live in challenging times. And I feel hope when I see the messages and images from people here in the Mastodon corner of the Fediverse.
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@Mark Connolly π» π΄πΌββοΈ (he, him, his) We get here when we get here. I'd heard about it years before, but it wasn't until COVID happened and I was cut off from friends and family that I finally decided to "check out that Mastodon thing".
Not that I was particularly a social butterfly to begin with.
Jonathan Lamothe reshared this.
Changeover to Hetzner is 99% complete. We ran into some unforseen complications, namely a typo in the firewall config that took some time to diagnose and fix.
God, I never want to have to do that again.
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As a side note, automated emails are still not working.
Edit: they're working now.
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Content warning: nerdy puzzle
Content warning: hint
Content warning: another
Content warning: uspol
Threats of Civil War:Maga has threatened a Civil War for 4 arrests,
J6 insurrection imprisonment, FBI-warranted search, every court decision, mask mandates, etc.
Soon they will threaten civil war over a change of a menu item at Denny's.
I'm over it.
It's threats of terrorism.
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Mathematical italic capital h mathematical italic small e mathematical italic small l mathematical italic small l mathematical italic small o.
WTF?
Oh, I just said βHelloβ to you in italics.
(Thatβs similar to what someone who uses a screen reader hears when you use fancy non-alphabetical Unicode characters to simulate italics or boldface on your fediverse posts. So please donβt do that.)
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@matadan
Itβs less about how difficult it is to swap those letters and more about knowing when that would be appropriate.
I wrote up some challenges:
https://adrianroselli.com/2021/10/blaming-screen-readers-red-flag.html
@aral
Blaming Screen Readers π©Γ5
The title of this post is pretty specific. It relates to the meme on Twitter where users identify a trait or preference that they see as problematic, and identify it as a red flag. The emoji represents the red flag.Adrian Roselli
@pixelcode
Mathematicians donβt write math that way because not all math uses simple operators like that.
Hence MathML
Either way, it is not a simple NLP problem, it is also about context:
https://adrianroselli.com/2021/10/blaming-screen-readers-red-flag.html
The good news is you can contribute to NVDA (a free, open source screen reader) if you think you have a viable approach.
Blaming Screen Readers π©Γ5
The title of this post is pretty specific. It relates to the meme on Twitter where users identify a trait or preference that they see as problematic, and identify it as a red flag. The emoji represents the red flag.Adrian Roselli
@aardrian @odddev @thilo
My approach would be this:
If there are any non-Latin characters present, tokenise. For each non-Latin token, use a pre-defined hash table to rewrite each symbol to its Latin equivalent (if there is one). If the result is a purely Latin token, lemmatise it to determine whether it's an existing word in the post's language. If so, read the natural word instead of the non-Latin token.
@pixelcode
Then you should pitch that. Or, if you are comfortable writing the code, you can file a PR:
https://github.com/nvaccess/nvda
NVDA is a free and open source screen reader, so community contributions are pretty much how it works.
You can also contribute to Orca:
https://github.com/GNOME/orca
Improvements to those screen readers put pressure on those from Apple, Google, Microsoft, and Freedom Scientific.
GitHub - nvaccess/nvda: NVDA, the free and open source Screen Reader for Microsoft Windows
NVDA, the free and open source Screen Reader for Microsoft Windows - GitHub - nvaccess/nvda: NVDA, the free and open source Screen Reader for Microsoft WindowsGitHub
JJDavis :terminal:
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